维吾尔族

　　在新疆维吾尔自治区，居住维吾尔、塔吉克、柯尔克孜、乌孜别克等十多个少数民族，维吾尔族是其中人口最多的一个民族。

　　“维吾尔”是维吾尔族的自称，有“联合”、“团结”的意思。维吾尔族人大多居住在新疆维吾尔自治区天山以南，但在新疆其它地区也有分布。

　　维吾尔族人的服装鲜艳美丽，无论男女老少都喜欢戴一种叫“尕巴”(gaba)的四楞小帽，男子穿的对襟长袍叫“夾袢”(qiapan)，女子喜欢穿宽袖连衣裙，外套黑色对襟背心。姑娘出嫁以前，要把头发梳成很多根辫子披在肩上，她们认为，头发越长越漂亮。維吾爾族人喜歡喝奶茶，吃羊肉和用麵粉烤製的馕(nang)。别具民族风味的“抓饭”，是过节和待客时不可缺少的食品。“抓饭”是用大米、羊肉、羊油、胡萝卜、葡萄干、洋葱做成的，因为用手抓吃，所以被称为“抓饭”。

　　维吾尔族大多信仰伊斯兰教，有自己的语言和文字。历史悠久的维吾尔族文学艺术具有独特的民族风格，其中“阿凡提的故事”是中国各族人民非常熟悉和喜欢的。

　　维吾尔族是个能歌善舞的民族，每逢节日和喜庆的日子，男女老少都要载歌载舞，尽情欢乐。维吾尔族舞蹈和维吾尔族民歌深受各族人民的喜爱。

　　维吾尔族人很早就开始从事农业生产。他们在盆地的边缘和戈壁上开发出片片绿洲，利用地下水修建“坎儿井”a，灌溉良田。主要的粮食作物是小麦、玉米、水稻。无核白葡萄、哈密瓜、长绒棉、和田玉是新疆的特产。维吾尔族人的手工业历史也很悠久，工艺精湛的地毯、丝绸、小刀和绣花帽驰名中外，受到了各国朋友的喜爱。

　　The Uygur

　　Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region contains more than 10 ethnic minorities, including the Uygur, Tajik, Kyrgyz and Uzbek, among which the Uygur (which means "ally" or "unity") is the most populous. They live mainly in the area to the south of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

　　The clothes of the Uygur people are brightly colored and beautiful, and all men or women like to wear a diamond-shaped skullcap named gaba. Uygur men traditionally wear qiapan, a robe buttoning down the front, and women like to wear a one-piece dress that has loose sleeves with a black front-buttoned waistcoat over it. Young women wear many plaits over the shoulders before marriage, believing the longer the hair, the more beautiful a woman is. Uygurs like to drink milk tea, eat mutton and nang (a kind of crusty pancake) baked with flour. A favorite dish is zhuafan, which is made of rice, mutton, goat oil, carrots, raisins and onions, and eaten with the hands.

　　Most Uygurs are Muslims. They have their own spoken and written languages. Uygur literature and arts have a long history and a special ethnic style; The Story of Afanti is familiar to, and liked by, all ethnic groups in China.

　　The Uygur people are good at singing and dancing, and their dances and folk songs are quite popular among all ethnic groups.

　　Uygurs took up farming long ago. They have opened up oases at the edge of basins or in the Gobi Desert, and built the kareza using underground water to irrigate fertile farmland. The main grain crops are wheat, corn and rice. Coreless grape, long staple cotton, Hami melon, and Hotan jade are special local products of Xinjiang.

　　The Uygur ethnic group has a long history of handicrafts; their carpets, silk cloth, knives and embroidered skullcaps of exquisite craftsmanship are famous at home and abroad.