“医圣”张仲景与“外科鼻祖”华佗

　　汉代有两位名医，一位是被尊称为“医圣”的张仲景，另一位是被尊称为“外科鼻祖”的华佗。

　　张仲景(约公元150～219年)是东汉末年河南南阳人。那时瘟疫(wenyi)流行，他的家人不到10年，因为伤寒死了三分之二。他精心研究古代医学，广泛收集民间秘方，写成了《伤寒杂病论》十六卷。在他的书里，不仅有大量内服药方，还介绍了中医理论，奠定了中医治疗学的基础。

　　华佗(约公元141—208年)安徽亳州人，生活在东汉末年。他在内科、外科、妇科、小儿科方面都很精通。华佗的外科技术很高超，他制成了一种麻醉药，叫做“麻沸散”。他曾让患了阑尾炎的病人用酒服“麻沸散”，等病人全身麻醉后，他便开始动手术，最后在伤口上敷上有消毒作用的膏药，一个月以后，病人完全恢复了健康。华佗是世界上第一个应用全身麻醉技术的医生。

　　此外，华佗还精通针灸(jiu)技术。当时丞相曹操得了神经性头痛，就派人请华佗来为自己治病。华佗给曹操针灸，一针下去，曹操的头就不疼了。

　　华佗重视治疗，更重视疾病的预防。他模仿虎、鹿、熊、猿、鸟五种动物，独创了一套名为“五禽戏”的体操，用来增强体魄。

　　Zhang Zhongjing and Hua Tuo, founders of Medical Science

　　Zhang Zhongjing (c.150-219 AD) was born in Nanyang, Henan Province. He devoted himself to the study of medicine after typhoid fever decimated most of his family. He gathered folk remedies, and compiled a work titled Febrile and other Diseases in 16 volumes. This medical classic also expounds the theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

　　Hua Tuo (c.141-208 AD) was born in Bozhou, Anhui Province. He was proficient in internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and pediatrics. He is credited with being the first surgeon in the world to use the technique of general anesthesia, using a concoction called mafeisan to operate on appendicitis patients. He was also an expert acupuncturist, and once cured Cao Cao, the renowned prime minister at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, of a disease using this technique.

　　Hua Tuo attached importance to therapy. He also emphasized prevention. He devised a set of exercises, known as the Five-Animal Exercise, to strengthen the physique, imitating the actions of the tiger, deer, bear, ape and bird.